The JLCPCB Impedance Calculator computes track width values and recommended stack-ups from user-input values of board layer, thickness, copper weight, target impedance, trace spacing (for edge-coupled pairs), and impedance trace to copper gap (coplanar waveguides). The dialog can be accessed from both the PCB Editor and the PCB Library Editor. For example, for January, the system calculates PCB for 60,000 (5,000 x 12) and divides it by 12 for one month. What a Differential Pair Impedance Calculator Misses. The accuracy of these equations for microstrip traces with different impedances is also compared in the Polar Instruments article. This calculator can calculate the impedance and. In terms of how these calculators work, the impedance of a transmission line in a PCB can be calculated in four ways: Use the R, L, C, G parameters from the Telegrapher’s equations to calculate the impedance of the transmission line. A differential stripline pair refers to two traces located between two reference plane layers, which are routed as a differential pair. Austria +43 7666 20041-0. Calculate Microstrip impedance for given PCB parameters. EIS is not included in tax relief. CGen Controlled Impedance Coupon Generator 2021. PCB is the Malaysian monthly tax deduction - Potongan Cukai Bulanan in Malay. Quote Now Book a Tour. 75 miles in this case. 1 has six signal layers, but only has one pair of planes closely spaced. The Si9000e provides for both lossless and frequency-dependent modelling and extracts full transmission line parameters for a wide range of PCB transmission lines. This is good for routing space, but not so good for power delivery if there is a need for interplane capacitance. PCB Via Calculator March 12, 2006. But we don't have it. If you want to know the maximum current you can put through a trace before it raises its temperature 10 degrees C, this tool implements the IPC2152 recommended equations. calculate the impedance and capacitance of PCB traces. To use it, first select thetolerance of the resistor: 10%, 5% or equal or smaller than 2%. An interactive version of this table may be found here . License: All 1 2 | Free. Real time sharing of specifications. of Children Claimed by Ownself. In addition to the characteristic impedance of a transmission line, the tool also calculates. The calculator is set up to handle an asymmetric arrangement, where traces are not centrally located in the PCB layer stack. If you’re designing an RF PCB for microwave or higher frequencies, controlled impedance routing should be top of mind to ensure signal integrity. 0 sech π (5a) and = h w k 2. As for the PCB calculator parameters, consider that it uses an approximated empirical formula. Using this calculator, you can find the resonant frequency, which means that you can disregard the reactive impedance (reactance) and only pay attention to the resistive impedance (resistance). This assumes ~0 trace thickness. 17 Mar 2018: Introduced PCB Schedule Mode where PCB amount will match LHDN PCB Schedule. g. Though this is an "imaginary" or "virtual" ground its influence is the same as a real copper wall. For the same employee, monthly PCB for salary alone will be RM 130, so the tax for bonus is RM 650 - RM 130 = RM 520. 7E-6 to 2. Add Teardrop Automatically. Rho: Conductor resistivity relative to copper. This calculator is designed to calculate the characteristic impedance of an embedded microstrip - a flat conductor suspended over a ground plane with a dielectric between it and another dielectric material above the conductor (see diagram below). Free Polar to Cartesian calculator - convert polar coordinates to cartesian step by stepTo estimate the cost of your PCB design optimization, you can use a PCB design software tool, such as KiCad. Dielectric Strength. This form of microstrip is composed of two traces. 4mm to 3. Similar forms are listed to the right. Download. 第 1 类普通电子产品: 包括消费产品，一些计算机和计算机外围设备，适用于外观缺陷不重要，主要要求是完成 pcb 的功能的应用。. 0048, while for internal traces, K equals 0. It includes a link and license for Polar’s Si8000m, using the proven Polar Si8000m multipleKALKULATOR PCB INLAND REVENUE BOARD MALAYSIA ; NAME ; NEW IDENTITY CARD NO. Garenne Park St. Description. Our tool has the following features that will help you to design a reliable build-up: It has a library of stack-up templates. Polar Speedstack is the pre-layout stackup tool of choice for many high end fabricators, value added brokers and OEM base PCB Technologists and features greatly enhanced productivity: Enables design rule checking early in the design process. Modulus Argument Type Operator . where. Added May 14, 2013 by mrbartonmaths in Mathematics. 01 / PSec v20. Overview. 0 Si8000 PCB Controlled Impedance Field Solver – for single and multiple dielectric PCBs TheSi8000m is a boundary element method field solver that builds on the familiar easy to use user interface in earlier Polar impedance design systems. The Layer Stack Manager in Altium Designer can be used to easily arrange signal and plane layers in a PCB stackup and determine the impedance. In the example below: KiCAD PCB calculator says 119,5 Ohm with new formular is 106,7 Ohm polar field solver calculates 101 OhmPolar Flow. Best-in-Class PCB Fabrication, Assembly, & Components. With PCBWay impedance calculator, you can calculate the approximate impedance of your PCB / high frequency circuit board. By understanding the microstrip transmission line, designers can. View All Tools. The calculator had over 600 built-in functions. HyperLynx or Polar Instruments tools are industry's best. Crosshatch is a ‘non-ideal’ return path and is difficult to model accurately. This note proposes a professional alternative to cleaning with commercial solvents. Testing with Test Coupons. The Si8000m adds enhanced modelling to predict the. Removed YA2017 tax comparison. 58, it says a 50ohm trace is 0. The spreadsheet contains the following PCB calculators: There are a few rules that we recommend users abide by when using the crosshatch configuration of the Si8000m and Si9000e field solvers and Speedstack PCB Stackup Builder. ->. Most popular calculators don’t even have a box height parameter. Accurate and easy to use, Polar Si8000m makes designing impedance controlled PCB trace dimensions and is the solver of choice for OEMs and fabricators working with impedance controlled PCBs. You can easily get access to the PCB calculator through the PayrollPanda PCB calculator page. Coplanar Waveguide Calculator. This design tool is based on the charts in IPC-2221. The TRC100 is a free utility which allows you to quickly and simply calculate the resistance of PCB traces. - printed circuit board manufacturer. EPA calculated exposure levels for evaluation that are intended to maintain overall PCB exposures below the oral reference dose (RfD) of 20 ng PCB/kg body weight per day. ImpedCalc. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are derived from biphenyl by substitution of one to 10 hydrogen atoms by chlorine atoms. And Boards with plated through holes (2-6)Our polar to cartesian coordinates calculator will make the conversion between these two coordinates systems as easy as they can: input the coordinates and let us do the math. xls. The best way to make things clear is to put the complete diode symbol in the silkscreen to indicate polarity. circuit locator. This calculator will calculate trace current/temperature parameters for virtually any size trace thickness and width. With this combination of powerful impedance modeling you can quickly determine the manufacturing variations for each of your designs and model resin-rich areas between differential traces to achieve the highest yields from yourEquation 2. The bond polarity between two atoms can be estimated if you know the electronegativity of both elements. Spread the love. It includes a link and license for Polar’s Si8000m, using the proven Polar Si8000m multipleThis will be specified in your controller's datasheet in the DDR4 interface specifications. Planarr solver is what you need. In this example a = 6 and b = 3, so the modulus is:Polar Calculator Home. Access to the PCB calculator. It includes a link and license for Polar’s Si8000m, using the proven Polar Si8000m multiplePolar Flow. What this means to you is that at the resonant frequency, depending on whether the circuit is in parallel or series, the impedance is the highest or. PP/006 PrePreg 1080 0. Polar Pcb Impedance Calculator Series Óf Webinars Some of thése online calculators aré freeware programs fróm different companies 0thers just list formuIas without citing sourcés. To convert this the polar to rectangular calculator use the formula: $$ X = r * cos θ, y = r * sin θ $$. Polar CITS – coupons only; Tektronix 8300 – boards as well as coupons. Trace width. Modulus Argument Type Operator . Lo: inductance per unit length. You can execute Si9000 PCB Transmission Line Field Solver on Windows XP/7/8/10/11 32-bit. 08 Mar 2020: Included 7% EPF calculation. Sample coupon — Gerber Data mpcd1345. 151mm wide. If the z = a +bi is a complex number than the modulus is. This calculator will convert voltage or power gains into decibels. Calculating the resistance of printed circuit board tracks It is sometimes necessary to know the DC resistance of a track, for example, for power supply applications or when there is a need to work on fine geometries and take series loss into. [m] height of trace above return plane. Polar Pcb Impedance Calculator Series Óf Webinars; Polar Pcb Impedance Calculator Software That Cán; Instead of using a homemade tool to work out the impedance of each trace in your PCB, Altium Designer incorporates PCB impedance calculations as part of your design rules. Best to check with another source before deciding on a value to use. You can choose from many routing styles, but whichever routing. Ideal for both rigid and flex-rigid stackupsThe Si8000m is a boundary element method field solver that builds on the familiar easy to use user interface in earlier Polar impedance design systems. In IPC-6012B there are also 6 Types of PCB defined: Printed Boards without plated through holes (1) 1 Single-Sided Board. Many Polar customers request frequency-dependent impedance modelling, with particular reference to transmission line losses – the result is the Si9000e. PCB signal integrity, stackup and controlled impedance. Signal integrity tools. With this PCB impedance calculator, you can calculate the microstrip controlled impedance or the impedance of a variety of conductors in a printed circuit board. Coplanar Waveguide Calculator. If you want a thinner microstrip, you need to reduce the substrate height using one of the following solutions: Use a thinner 2-layer PCB, for example 0. The ” rst Polar ” eld solver to employ BEM is called the Si8000, and data are entered and processed either through a desktop calculator styleinterfacecalled theQuickSolver, or alternatively, the ” eld solvers may be called as embedded Microsoft Excel spread sheets. Capacitance of FR4 PCB. Radio Frequency Engineering Calculator. Email: info@multi-circuit-boards. While. CE v21. Altium Designer offers a straightforward solution for. This Javascript web calculator calculates the resistance, voltage drop, and power loss of printed circuit board vias. GY2 4AF . PCB Padstack Calculator. Si9000e graphing, roughness goal seek, sensitivity analysis projects, trace resistance vs. Design-Aid for marking print. Majikan yang ingin membuat lhdn Potongan Cukai Bulanan pcb ini perlu mendaftar akaun EPCB 2023 terlebih dahulu. Here you will find e. First, the Area is calculated: Area [mils²] = ( Current [Amps] / (k* ( Temp_Rise [°C] )^b) )^ (1/c) Then, the Width is calculated: Width [mils] = Area [mils²] / ( Thickness [oz] * 1. PCBCart's Standard PCB Layer Stack-up. The image below shows a typical 4-layer PCB stackup construction you’ll receive from most fabricators. The Si9000 frequency-dependent calculations can be refined using extended substrate data. The Si9000e PCB Track resistance calculator lets you enter track shape and length, along with material type, the trace resistance calculator will give you an answer in Ohms for the trace you describe or the transmission line geometries pasted from Si9000e. PayrollPanda PCB Calculator. A fully unified, heavily rules-driven PCB design platform for impedance controlled routing in high-speed PCB design. Standard PCB Panel Sizes. Note: The results are only for approximation and rough estimation, the final values and the. Saturn PCB Design, Inc. ) 2019. Finally, calculate the Polar Area using the equation above: PA = 1/2 * a * r^2. ΔT measures the temperature change in Celsius. PA = 1/2 * (30/57. C = Speed of light. 0 ' tanh π (5b)Surface roughness effect on PCB trace attenuation / loss. This calculator will calculate trace current/temperature parameters for virtually any size trace thickness and width. Coplanar Waveguide Calculator. Industry Leading PCB Designer's Tools. For PCB fabricators Speedstack PCB interfaces with the industry standard Polar Si8000m PCB Controlled Impedance Field Solver. EIS is not included in tax relief. Further Reading. Using a Differential Pair Impedance Calculator. One particular valuable featureof theQuick SolverInterface(Figure 5) is. Polar Instruments - PCB Test - PCB Fault Finding and Controlled Impedance. Fault finding conformal coated boards. Educational Polar Products EPD100 2022 PCB Track Equipotential Viewer. There are some advantages to using a. PENGIRAAN PCB TAHUN: PERNAH BEKERJA SEBELUM INI DALAM TAHUN SEMASA. Use this form for processing a Polar number against another Polar number. If you see negative power value this indicates that power is generated (source). My Notebook, the Symbolab way. Enter a problem Cooking Calculators. Microstrip line is a widely used transmission line and for the appropriate transmission its characteristic impedance has to be calculated while using it in RF design & circuits. For PCB fabricators, Speedstack PCB interfaces with the industry standard Polar Si8000m PCB Controlled Impedance Field Solver. 01 Jan 2020: Updated PCB calculator for YA2020. Speedstack PCB 2023 Stackup / Impedance Field Solver. These tools can be used to show you the total impedance of a circuit block in your design as well as how a circuit block affects the magnitude and phase of an input signal. 127mm of prepreg between them, Er 4. A differential stripline pair refers to two traces located between two reference plane layers, which are routed as a differential pair. If r is calculated first as above, then the formula for θ can be expressed more simply using the. The Polar Form Calculator only needs a single input. The Insertion Loss Tools brochure introduces the Polar Instruments' solutions for measuring and modeling the insertion loss of PCBs, including the Si9000e field solver, the Atlas insertion loss test system and the Speedstack PCB stackup design tool. We specialize in both Small quantity, Quckturn, and Production printed circuit board Quantities. ->. Speedstack Selector Home. External traces: I = 0. 21. Speedstack Si insertion loss controlled PCB stackup design tool is made for you if you are a designer, fabricator or PCB technologist who needs to manage PCB stackups with both impedance and insertion loss control. The tool provides two networks that will have the desired impedence at that frequency, but their. These vias and conductors will affect the impedance seen by signals throughout your board. PCB Stackup or Buildup – a brief history. Bona fide Colleges and Universities may obtain very special full activation pricing for this software by contacting Ken Taylor. A beta feature supporting Delta-L 4. In what follows j j is the imaginary unit such that j2 = −1 j 2 = − 1 or j = −1−−−√ j = − 1. Z-planner Enterprise is a stackup planning tool that includes a PCB stackup calculator focused on electrical impedance and signal integrity that helps you manage and optimize your PCB stackup design. It includes a link and license for Polar’s Si8000m, using the proven Polar Si8000m multiple dielectric boundary element field solver to provide the impedance data for the stack. Available for the full range of Polar software, 12 and 24 month contracts automatically renew at the anniversary. The Si8000m adds enhanced modelling to predict the finished. Sierra Circuits’ Via Impedance Calculator uses the physical dimensions of a via to calculate its capacitance, inductance, and impedance. PCB Impedance Calculator. If the reflection coefficient (Γ) is known, then the VSWR. Microstrip Impedance Calculator. Calculate Coplanar impedance for given PCB parameters. The kusashi calculators are free online tools for general use. The JLCPCB Impedance Calculator computes track width values and recommended stack-ups from user-input values of board layer, thickness, copper weight, target impedance, trace spacing (for edge-coupled pairs), and impedance trace to copper gap (coplanar waveguides). 0 / Polar Graph v19. Polar Instruments Ltd. eu. The Breadth and Depth of Your PCB Design Workflow The routing process remains the most time-consuming layout task, Altium Designer interactive routing technology makes design dense board layouts much easier. Best-in-Class PCB Fabrication, Assembly, & Components. Calculate Stripline impedance for given PCB parameters. PCBs are a group of man-made organic chemicals consisting of carbon, hydrogen and chlorine atoms. The calculator uses the given current and temperature rise to calculate the trace width parameters. 11,150. Calculate the molecular polarity (polar, non-polar) of a chemical bond based. Transmission-Line Calculator. If we choose a trace separation of 2mm, then the resulting heater will be 8cm long. The KiCad PCB Calculator is a set of utilities to help you find the values of components or other parameters. Solid planes. Testing with Test Coupons. The best PCB impedance calculator utilities inside PCB design simulation tools will include these effects so that impedance can be determined with very high accuracy. 9E-6. In addition to incorporating Polars proven insertion loss field solver capability, Speedstack Si allows rapid import and export of. Coplanar Waveguide With Ground Characteristic Impedance Calculator. The PCB internal/external trace resistance shall be calculated according to the following formula: R = (ρ * L / (T * W)) * (1 + α * (TAMB – 25 °C)) Where: R is the trace resistance [Ω] ρ is the resistivity parameter, whose value for copper is 1. Click New Polar Grid entry in the grid then click Properties . Choose the Speedstack variant most applicable to you. Si Excel Interface option – Microsoft Excel ® interface to PCB Controlled Impedance Field Solver – lossless modelling for Si8000m and Si9000e. The truth is that it depends on your application. Advanced Circuits has been the leading PCB quick turn manufacturer since 1989. We offer an easy-to-use Signal Layer Estimator that will eliminate your complicated design delays. Simple PCB assembly might range from $10 to $50 per board, while complex or high-volume jobs can be significantly more expensive. You write down problems, solutions and notes to go back. ) 2020. 0 Eigenvalue Insertion Loss Test. 0. Our very brief discussion of complex impedance and the polar form of complex impedance underlines both the mathematical complexity involved with calculating impedance and tough problems that we encounter with impedance. 06. Microstrip Impedance Calculator. z = r ( cos ϑ + i sin ϑ ) r = √x 2 + y 2 ϑ = tan -1 (y / x) x, y – triangle sides. Decibel Calculator. Don’t forget to check out our other. Category: Home & Education / Science. Mask coverage can be set adjacent, between and above traces. I can't find the equation that Saturn is using. *PCB vendors can use controlled impedances and will vary any designated trace width at mask level to hit impedance targets. The Si8000m adds enhanced modelling to predict the finished impedance of multiple dielectric PCB builds and also takes into account the local variations in dielectric constant on close spaced. AP115. It provides accurate and. The application below implements the above formula and uses it to calculate the trace width required to keep temperature below a certain value. PCB stackup calculator. Speedstack 2023 Stackup Design and Documentation ( version history) v23. For PCB fabricators, Speedstack PCB interfaces with the industry standard Polar Si8000m PCB Controlled Impedance Field Solver. Ideal for both rigid and flex-rigid stackups The Si8000m is a boundary element method field solver that builds on the familiar easy to use user interface in earlier Polar impedance design systems. A A is the cross section area, in mils 2; and. The paid-for tools calculate for fringe effects and undercuts at the edge of a copper etch and for the effect of the top coating mask layer. POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS. Graph functions, plot points, visualize algebraic equations, add sliders, animate graphs, and more. SiExcel x64 for Si8000m 22. Accept the license agreements and click Next. Net Highlighting While Cursor Hover the Track. θ — Angle of the polar coordinate, usually in radians or degrees. CITS measurement systems have been. Find ground plane shorts with the. This application note discusses how to calculate the excess resin. Download popular programs, drivers and latest updates easily. 99ohms. Capacitor Energy and Time Constant. Compute answers using Wolfram's breakthrough technology & knowledgebase, relied on by millions of students & professionals. A Polar Coordinates Calculator is a tool used to convert between polar coordinates (r, θ) and Cartesian coordinates (x, y). Example of the Saturn PCB design calculator for a variety of useful PCB design estimates. [m] width of the trace. The PCB Impedance Calculator in Altium Designer. The microstrip is a very simple yet useful way to create a transmission line with a PCB. Microstrip Impedance Calculator. Instructions are below the calculator and don’t forget we can make and test your controlled impedance printed circuit boards too. For exact impedance calculation, we recommend the software from Polar Instruments. xls. Select Calculate and Order from your Eurocircuits account – This will open the PCB Visualizer. PCB Trace Width Calculator. There are a few rules that we recommend users abide by when using the crosshatch configuration of the Si8000m and Si9000e field solvers and Speedstack PCB Stackup Builder. Gain peace of mind as our PCB calculation and EPF contribution rates are updated and accurate (as of 2023). Symbols of different capacitor. EIS is not included in tax relief. The Si6000b field solving impedance design system is the latest addition to Polar's controlled impedance product range. Explore math with our beautiful, free online graphing calculator. Step 1. Co: capacitance per unit length. Ohm’s Law provides the framework for solving network analysis problems; when the curtain gets pulled back, Ohm’s Law updates to become the relationship between voltage, current, and impedance, not resistance. Hitech Circuits is a professional PCB board fabrication, printed circuit board manufacturer, supplier in China, we focus on printed circuit boards manufacturing such as high density interconnect pcb, heavy copper PCB, Power PCB, high frequency pcb, RF PCB, ceramic PCB, Rogers PCB, Teflon PCB and more. At the same time, the active components were also growing in complexity and pin count, which drove up the net count on the board. Description. PCB materials, dielectric constant, trace height and width affect the controlled impedance of a transmission line. Single-Ended Impedance. Impedance-Calculator. CLC100 Critical Trace Length Calculator. So whilst the Si8000m gives you tight control in the pre-build stages, Polar’s Controlled Impedance Test System (CITS) extends that control into the fabrication process. This table is not available anymore and. Download Adobe Reader. 11 (Free educational utility – license valid until 31 Dec 2025). This note describes some of the practical difficulties you'll sometimes run into when testing a controlled impedance PCB. Below is an interactive calculator that allows you to easily convert complex numbers in polar form to rectangular form, and vice-versa. Polar Calculator Home. Common Dielectric. Signal Layer Estimator . The required inputs are the Dk value for the dielectric constant of the PCB substrate, and the. The order of preference in the choice of reference planes is. 15. USB FlexNet ID software key-based licenses will require the USB driver. is an industry leader in high quality PCB Design and turnkey electronic engineering offering the very best service at competitive prices. g. Removed YA2017 tax comparison. Stripline Impedance Calculator. PCB Sample Size Calculator for Relative Dielectric Constant Measurements Selects the optimum size for a circular plane on a PCB. PCB Layer Calculation and Documentation Tool User Guide . x = r ⋅ cosθ, y = r ⋅ sinθ. Coplanar Waveguide Calculator. Simple PCB Calculator provides quick, accurate and easy calculation to Malaysian tax payers to calculate PCB that covers all basic tax relieves such as individual, EPF contribution relief. It can also convert complex numbers from Cartesian to polar form and vice versa. Table 1: Comparison of PCB Materials. . This statistical converter for the complex number to polar form is provided for your personal use and should be used as a guide only. KKCP (Pind. 30 millimeters. A capacitor with a capacitance of C designed for PCB is represented by a constant current intensity I. eu. There are some advantages to using a microstrip transmission line over other alternatives. Bandwidth Calculator & Max PCB Trace Length Calculator. Hello All, I have prepared an useful PCB spreadsheet ,Which contains the following most useful PCB calculators. The Track's Routing Follows Component's Rotation. 4mm PCB for a trace width of 0. Modeling approximation can be used to design the microstrip trace. Borang PCB TP3 2023. Simons, "Coplanar Waveguide Circuits, Components, and Systems", Wiley. 44, c = 0. Details. I hope this guide was. Contact. This is used for making relative dielectric constant measurements using a Vector Network Analyser. Once the trace width required for specific nets to have a target impedance (usually 50 Ohms) is determined, it can be set as a design rule in your PCB routing utilities. 01 Jan 2020: Updated PCB calculator for YA2020. You may decline renewal by giving 60 days' notice prior to the contract anniversary. 1,435. EIS is not included in tax relief. The impedance is given as a complex number in standard form and polar forms. With the Si9000 PCB Transmission Line Field Solver you can view the full range of 2 and 4-port S-parameters in a single chart window. Use the mark command or the Mark button: Then click the location you want to measure from. POLAR Si8000 2016 v16. If you have different calculation result, you may override the system generated result with Statutory Contribution. Stripline Impedance Calculator. This is particularly helpful during the PCB design and layout stages. PCBCart provides multilayer circuit boards with layers in the range from 4 to 32 layers, board thickness from 0. Build a model from experimental data of impedance vs. The surface finish is neglected. A coplanar waveguide calculator will operate in one of two ways. Note: Units do not matter for this calculation as long as they are consistent. 151mm wide trace to be 56. 44 x A0. Salary RM 17300. Hourly rate can be calculated as follows: E. Fig. We recommend the software from Polar Instruments if you want to get exact impedance calculation. Employers are also required to contribute a matching amount of 0. 1 is an example of making tradeoffs between routing layers and power plane capacitance for a ten-layer PCB. PCB Impedance Control. Test System. Borang PCB TP1 2023. [email protected] the PCB Design process by innovating new techniques and methods. This glorious specimen is an open hardware RPN calculator with more than a nod to the venerable Hewlett Packard HP42 in its design. If wrongly placed, it will disrupt the functionality, can cause component failures, or even turn the board non-functional. Acknowledgements: The source for formulas used in this calculator (except where otherwise noted) is the Design Guide for Electronic Packaging Utilizing High-Speed Techniques (4th Working Draft, IPC-2251, February 2001. TRC100 is useful if you are working on fine geometries, and need to take care about. model impedance by combining Polar's proven boundary element field-solving engine with easy graphing of process windows. Understanding and correctly calculating your PCB’s trace width limitations is crucial for keeping your PCB. θ — Angle of the polar coordinate, usually in radians or degrees. I can't find the equation that Saturn is using. Microstrip line is a widely used transmission line and for the appropriate transmission its characteristic impedance has to be calculated while using it in RF design & circuits. since i have trie in many tools. PCB cores and laminates are similar and, in some ways, quite different.